Hydrous silica-rich magmas can degas through connected bubble pathways when as little as 20% crystals are present, influencing transitions from explosive, Vulcanian-style eruptions to lava effusion.
Permeability and porosity
In a Submarine Trough, Permeable Rocks May Lead to Quakes
In Japan’s submarine Nankai Trough, rock permeability is much higher when measured at larger scales, likely because of big fractures and faults that are not captured at small scales.
Joseph B. Walsh (1930–2017)
This world traveler and rugby enthusiast devised theories fundamental to such diverse fields as seismology, oil and gas exploration, and hydrology. He also designed the hull of the Alvin submersible.