Data from a long-distance research cruise provide new insights into carbon cycling in the eastern Pacific and Southern Oceans.
Water masses
New Definition of Potential Spicity by the Least Square Method
A thermodynamic function of the potential spicity is defined and it is orthogonal to the potential density in the least square sense.
Potential Spicity: From Abstract Theory to Practical Application
A method for estimating potential spicity, a thermodynamic variable in oceanography, provides a new way to describe contrasts in watermass properties.
Unraveling Hemispheric Ocean Nitrate Supply Pathways
Subsurface measurements of nitrogen and oxygen isotope ratios in nitrate reveal a predominantly southern hemisphere supply of nitrate to the equatorial Pacific.
Plotting the Pliocene Polar Front
Understanding changing conditions in the south polar oceans during the warm late Pliocene period may help predict the impact of contemporary warming.
Big Storms Pump Mediterranean Water Far into the Black Sea
For the first time, scientists provide a sea-wide view of what happens to Mediterranean waters that flow into the Black Sea through the Bosporus Strait.
Deep Ocean Layers Continue to Heat Up
Researchers look at more than 3 decades of temperature trends in the deep ocean to understand the layers' energy budgets.
Underwater Gliders Find Swirling Vortices of Warm, Salty Water
Vortices formed off the west coast of Sardinia could play a large role in Mediterranean water circulation and mixing and are significant for marine ecosystems and regional climate.
Large Variability Measured in Kuroshio Current East of Taiwan
Ship surveys show that the "Gulf Stream" of the Pacific is not a stable boundary current.