Schematic showing hypothesized feedbacks of soil warming, the ability of soil to buffer warming, and the amount of water soil can hold
Hypothesized feedbacks of soil warming, the ability of soil to buffer warming, and the amount of water soil can hold. Black arrows indicate the immediate effect of warming on water loss from soils, while grey arrows show long-term feedbacks of soil warming on the amount of water soil can hold. Credit: Werner et al. [2020], Figure 1
Source: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences

Heat accelerates: a little heat can cause a big change in the pace at which things proceed. While soil warming has been shown to accelerate soil respiration, leading to eventual reductions in soil carbon, less is known about the long-term effects of warming on how much water soil can hold.

Werner et al. [2020] investigated this by pausing a long-term soil warming experiment at Harvard Forest, a temperate forest in the northeastern United States. They used an interdisciplinary approach to assess the soil’s organic matter content and water-holding capacity.

Even without the warming treatment, they observed that previously warmed plots remained warmer. While warming is expected to increase evaporation from soils directly, the authors show that the long-term effect of warming (reduction of soil carbon via accelerated respiration) reduces the soil water holding capacity. By holding less water, soil’s ability to buffer against future warming is compromised.

As Earth’s climate continues to warm, the combined short-term (increased evaporation) and long-term (reduced water holding capacity) effects of soil warming could intensify the magnitude of future droughts.

Citation: Werner, W. J., Sanderman, J., & Melillo, J. M. [2020]. Decreased soil organic matter in a long‐term soil warming experiment lowers soil water holding capacity and affects soil thermal and hydrological buffering. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 125, e2019JG005158. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JG005158

—William M. Hammond, Associate Editor, JGR: Biogeosciences

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