The depth of the ocean’s surface mixed layer is typically defined based on density thresholds. However, a more physically appealing definition can be constructed from potential energy considerations.
Editors’ Highlights
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Protecting Children’s Health Can Benefit the Economy
A new study presents an integrated approach to predicting the human health impacts, economic implications, and remediation solutions for using contaminated groundwater in Central Mexico.
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Comparing Methods for Analysis of Atmospheric Rivers
Results from the Atmospheric River Tracking Method Intercomparison Project (ARTMIP) describe the similarity and difference of using eleven detection algorithms and three reanalysis products.
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Volcanic Creation and Destruction of Temporary Tephra Storage
Pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) are a major threat during an explosive volcanic eruption. A new study shows that loose tephra accumulations on volcanic slopes tend to re-mobilize rapidly.
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New Western Hemisphere Moisture Mode
A new study presents the first evidence of the existence of an intraseasonal westward-propagating moisture mode over the Western Hemisphere.
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Learning from Climate Simulations for Global Seasonal Forecast
A probabilistic deep learning methodology that learns from climate simulation big data offers advantageous seasonal forecasting skill and crucial climate model diagnosis information at a global scale.
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A Glimpse at Planet Formation at the Dawn of the Solar System
The low density of Kuiper Belt Object Arrokoth sheds light on the formation of planetesimals in the early solar system.
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Radar Diagnosis of the Thundercloud Electron Accelerator
Altitude-resolved S-band radar observations of graupel are used to decipher thunderstorm ground enhancements in surface electric field and gamma ray flux.
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Simulating Surface Impacts of Stratospheric Sudden Warmings
New evaluations of climate model simulations show how the stratosphere polar vortex couples to surface weather.
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Time-Step Filtering in Holocene Global Magnetic Field Models
Through a local fixed time-step filter, global Holocene magnetic field models remain mathematically tractable refining our insight into field variability and improving archeological dating.