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early Earth

Ice core with air bubbles
Posted inNews

Antarctic Ice Cores Offer a Whiff of Earth’s Ancient Atmosphere

Katherine Kornei, Science Writer by Katherine Kornei 27 November 201920 April 2022

Bubbles of greenhouse gases trapped in ice shed new light on an important climate transition that occurred about a million years ago.

Photograph showing calcite-filled fractures in limestone in the Oman Mountains
Posted inEditors' Vox

How Chemical Processes Influence Fracture Pattern Development

by S. E. Laubach 14 November 20196 October 2021

Many tools of chemical analysis, experimentation, modeling, and theory have the potential to increase our understanding of how fracture patterns develop at different geological time scales.

Illustration of segmented, green cyanobacteria
Posted inNews

Did Bacterial Enzymes Cap the Oxygen in Early Earth’s Atmosphere?

Sarah Derouin, Science Writer by Sarah Derouin 25 September 201917 November 2021

A new theory suggests that nitrogenase from cyanobacteria could be the reason oxygen levels remained low after the Great Oxidation Event.

Image of a solar prominence
Posted inNews

Moon Sheds Light on Early Solar Spin

Nola Taylor Redd, Science Writer by Nola Taylor Tillman 13 August 20197 March 2022

Lunar samples reveal that the Sun spun relatively slowly in its first billion years and blasted the Earth and Moon with coronal mass ejections.

Scientist holds a rock with a fossil of the species Cambroraster falcatus
Posted inNews

Newly Discovered Fossil Species Named After Star Wars Starship

Jenessa Duncombe, Staff Writer by Jenessa Duncombe 30 July 201930 January 2023

The 500-million-year-old species is a distant relative of today’s crabs, spiders, and insects.

Rocks of the Saglek Block in Labrador
Posted inNews

When Water Met Rock

Lucas Joel by L. Joel 17 May 201920 June 2024

Geologists discover rocks bearing the earliest known evidence of water interacting with rock on Earth’s surface.

Mountains rise over a desert vista
Posted inNews

Earth’s Eccentric Orbit Helped Preserve Rare Soft-Tissue Fossils

Nola Taylor Redd, Science Writer by Nola Taylor Tillman 26 April 201930 January 2023

Cyclical changes in Earth’s orbit helped to preserve rare fossils in Morocco.

Phytoplankton bloom over the study area in the South Pacific Ocean
Posted inResearch Spotlights

Southern Hemisphere Sediments Show Surprising Pliocene Cyclicity

by Terri Cook 25 April 201926 January 2023

New, high-resolution paleoclimate reconstructions with 100,000-year rhythms may offer insights into how Earth’s climate system operated during a time when the planet was warmer than it is today.

Researchers digging up a Qingjiang fossil on a bank of the Danshui River
Posted inNews

Scientists Discover Pristine Collection of Soft-Tissue Fossils

Kimberly M. S. Cartier, News Writing and Production Intern for Eos.org by Kimberly M. S. Cartier 21 March 201930 January 2023

The fossils include jellyfish, box jellies, branched algae, and sponges, which are underrepresented in or missing from other deposits.

Artist’s depiction of a newly forming solar system, which preserves conditions of its birth in isotopes and their ratios for billions of years
Posted inFeatures

Isotope Geochemists Glimpse Earth’s Impenetrable Interior

Lucas Joel by L. Joel 1 March 20195 January 2022

Painstaking measurements of isotopes and their relative abundance in rocks have illuminated the hidden inner Earth and our planet’s origins and shadowy past for much of the preceding century.

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Research Spotlights

Charting a Path from Fire Features to Health Outcomes

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High Relief, Low Relief — Glaciers Do It All

4 June 20254 June 2025
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Two Equations that Unlock El Niño

5 June 20254 June 2025
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