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geology

Photos of rocks on Mars.
Posted inEditors' Highlights

Martian Rocks May Record Ancient Wind Directions

by Scott Guzewich 14 March 20236 March 2023

Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover images of abraded surface rocks may retain records of ancient wind directions, providing important ground-truth to our understanding of Mars’ recent climate history.

Photo of the surface of Mars.
Posted inEditors' Highlights

Martian Lava, Up Close and Personal

by Laurent G. J. Montési 10 March 20236 March 2023

The Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover conducted the first investigation of volcanic rocks where they stand in their original configuration on the surface of Mars.

Plants with thick, fleshy, pointed green leaves in the foreground, brown fossil in the background
Posted inNews

Small Shrubs May Have Played a Large Role in Decarbonizing the Ancient Atmosphere

by Meghie Rodrigues 9 February 20239 February 2023

Vascular plants may have contributed to shaping Earth’s atmosphere long before trees evolved.

A panoramic view of rocky mounds on a rust-colored Martian landscape
Posted inNews

Does This Mineral Indicate Oxygen on Mars?

by Elise Cutts 30 January 202330 January 2023

Manganese oxides are thought to be a signature of atmospheric oxygen. But on the Red Planet, recent results suggest they might be more of a red herring.

Virtual field experience of Whaleback anticline
Posted inNews

The Rise of Gaming-Based Virtual Field Trips

by Jenessa Duncombe 27 January 20239 March 2023

Geologists are harnessing a game engine to build environments for teaching and learning.

On the right is the first stratigraphic section of the Grand Canyon, from Powell’s 1875 report, showing what would later be termed the Great Unconformity. A is the metamorphic basement—the oldest rocks that have been contorted. B is the Precambrian Grand Canyon Supergroup, which is composed of tilted sedimentary rocks that lack fossil assemblages. C indicates flat-lying Paleozoic rocks, which contain fossils marking the explosion of life. Two unconformities can be seen at x and y, with the former marking the Great Unconformity. The image on the left is a recent photograph of the Grand Canyon from Walhalla Plateau, with the red line showing the Great Unconformity. Blue lines trace the tilted layers below the famed surface, and yellow lines trace the flat-lying sedimentary rocks on top.
Posted inNews

The Great Unconformity or Great Unconformities?

by Alka Tripathy-Lang 23 December 202231 January 2023

Some scientists think the Great Unconformity was caused by Snowball Earth’s glaciations. Recent work suggests these phenomena might not be related.

Researchers study banded iron formations in Karijini National Park, Western Australia.
Posted inNews

A Day in the Life Used to Be 17 Hours

by Emily Shepherd 10 November 202211 November 2022

The Moon was a lot closer to Earth 2.46 billion years ago, and the shorter distance contributed to shorter days.

Diagram showing the reaction process between carbonatite melt and harzburgite mantle rock.
Posted inEditors' Highlights

Why is the North China Craton Vulnerable to Destruction?

by Sujoy Ghosh 20 October 202218 October 2022

A new study suggests that carbonatite metasomatism, not silicate metasomatism as previously thought, was dominant prior to the removal of the North China Craton in the early Cretaceous.

Australia’s remote Nullarbor Plain.
Posted inNews

A Mysterious Dome Reveals Clues to Australia’s Miocene History

by Nathaniel Scharping 17 October 202217 February 2023

The Nullarbor Plain has been relatively untouched by geological forces, leaving traces of the continent’s deep past.

A circular hole drilled into Gale Crater on Mars.
Posted inNews

Unraveling the Mystery of a Rare Mineral on Mars

by Clarissa Wright 7 September 20223 January 2023

The discovery of tridymite in Mars’s Gale Crater triggered debate about the rare mineral’s origins. A research team recently suggested a scenario with explosive implications.

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