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planetary evolution

Three-tiered calcite formation.
Posted inNews

Sorting Minerals Differently Could Usher a New Era for Mineralogy

by Carolyn Wilke 20 July 202214 November 2024

Grouping minerals by how they were formed yields insights into our planet’s evolution across billions of years.

A small fragment of rock, part of a meteorite from the planet Mars.
Posted inNews

Flipping the Sequence of Martian Formation

Damond Benningfield, Science Writer by Damond Benningfield 15 July 202219 July 2022

Analysis of the Chassigny meteorite suggests the planet acquired most of its interior volatiles from meteorites, not from the solar nebula.

Image of Arrokoth showing the main geological features as well as total surface acceleration.
Posted inEditors' Highlights

A Glimpse at Planet Formation at the Dawn of the Solar System

by Matthias Grott 22 June 202221 December 2022

The low density of Kuiper Belt Object Arrokoth sheds light on the formation of planetesimals in the early solar system.

An artist’s impression of planet formation: Close to the star, dust particles grow into planetesimals and Earth-like planets. Farther away, gas accretes on planetary cores to create Jupiter-like giants.
Posted inNews

Krypton Isotopes Provide New Clues to Planets’ Pasts

by Carolyn Wilke 4 May 202217 March 2023

To trace how crucial ingredients for life arrived at Earth, scientists track noble gases. Now, improved methods are drawing new clues from krypton, the most cryptic of noble gases.

Image of AB Aurigae’s protoplanetary disk shows wispy spirals and a bright blobby protoplanet. A scale shows that the protoplanet’s orbit is about 3 times wider than Neptune’s orbit around the Sun.
Posted inNews

Giant Planet’s Formation Caught in Action

by Jure Japelj 11 April 202225 April 2022

Astronomers took a direct image of a massive protoplanet embedded in a protoplanetary disk. The system provides strong evidence for an as-yet-unconfirmed theory of planet formation.

An artist’s rendering of exoplanet GJ 1132 b
Posted inNews

The Possible Evolution of an Exoplanet’s Atmosphere

by Stacy Kish 23 June 202126 April 2022

Scientific sleuths explore data gathered trillions of kilometers away and put forth different, and often conflicting, ideas to reconstruct the gaseous envelope on a distant rocky exoplanet, GJ 1132 b.

Planets near a star
Posted inNews

Gap in Exoplanet Size Shifts with Age

Katherine Kornei, Science Writer by Katherine Kornei 21 June 202128 April 2022

Smaller planets are scarcer in younger systems and larger planets are lacking in older systems, according to new research that analyzed hundreds of exoplanets.

Cartoon illustration of the possible distribution of materials of different origins in the interior of a Mars-size planetary embryo.
Posted inEditors' Highlights

How Not to Homogenize a Planet

by Laurent G. J. Montési 28 April 202112 October 2022

Even the strong heating from short-lived aluminium-26 (26Al) would not be able to homogenize the interior of a Mars‐sized planetary embryo.

Chart showing that results from a family of simulations that track changing pressures of three gases
Posted inEditors' Highlights

Is Atmospheric Oxygen a Planetary Signature for Life?

by Bethany Ehlmann 21 April 202115 March 2022

While some Earth-like worlds can generate significant O2 only by biology, “waterworlds” and “desert worlds” can build up O2 even without life because of chemical changes from atmosphere loss to space.

Satellite image of the ice at Mars’s north pole
Posted inResearch Spotlights

Decoding the Age of the Ice at Mars’s North Pole

by David Shultz 4 February 20218 August 2022

Exposure to sunlight creates telltale patterns in the polar ice cap that change over time, potentially providing insight into the climatic history of the Red Planet.

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