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ENSO

A colorized image of a virus as seen under a microscope, with purple and green in the background and long orange lines dotted with yellow specks.
Posted inResearch Spotlights

The Interplay of ENSO and Immunity in Infectious Disease Outbreaks

Sarah Derouin, Science Writer by Sarah Derouin 7 March 20257 March 2025

El Niño and La Niña events can affect the spread of infectious diseases including cholera and dengue fever. The effects of some diseases may persist over several years.

World map showing sea surface temperature with color.
Posted inEditors' Highlights

Three Studies Point to El Niño as Key to 2023 Record Global Heat

by Kristopher B. Karnauskas 28 January 202528 January 2025

Three recent studies reveal how the interplay between El Niño and long-term global warming drove the record-breaking global temperatures of 2023.

An aerial view of Seoul, South Korea, bathed in orange light at sunrise
Posted inNews

“Exceptional” Global Warming Spike Continued in 2024

Kimberly M. S. Cartier, News Writing and Production Intern for Eos.org by Kimberly M. S. Cartier 10 January 202510 January 2025

More than 3 billion people experienced their hottest year ever in 2024 because of anthropogenic climate change. The world is speeding toward its 1.5°C warming target.

Clouds over the ocean as viewed from space.
Posted inNews

Darker, Less Cloudy Earth Contributed to Record Heat

by Nathaniel Scharping 8 January 20258 January 2025

Decreases to our planet’s albedo caused by fewer low-lying clouds helped push temperatures to historic highs in 2023, according to new research.

The Sun sets beyond a rice field where young rice plants sprout from cracked soil.
Posted inOpinions

Earth Scientists Are Crucial to International Development

by Noel G. Brizuela 17 December 202428 January 2025

Global development agencies traditionally hire experts in human systems. As these agencies focus more on climate and environmental initiatives, they need informed guidance from Earth system scientists.

Layers of rock visible in a cliff in Nanliang, Shanxi, China.
Posted inNews

Mega El Niño May Have Led to Major Mass Extinction 252 Million Years Ago

by Rebecca Owen 11 October 202411 October 2024

The extreme climate conditions wrought by a decades-long ENSO pattern could be the culprit in the Great Dying, which wiped out nearly 90% of life on Earth.

A bird’s-eye view of an Amazon forest with a mix of green and leafless trees
Posted inResearch Spotlights

Amazonian Drought May Have Long-Lasting Effects on Carbon Cycle

by Rebecca Owen 19 August 202419 August 2024

Dry conditions stemming from the 2015–2016 El Niño caused significant carbon loss.

Viewed from below, three sharks swim beneath a dense school of smaller fish in the ocean, all in shades of blue.
Posted inResearch Spotlights

In Hot Water and Beyond: Marine Extremes Escalate

Sarah Stanley, Science Writer by Sarah Stanley 28 June 202428 June 2024

A new study suggests marine life is increasingly faced with triple-threat events in which extreme water temperature, low oxygen levels, and acidification converge.

A satellite image of Hurricane Edouard over the Atlantic Ocean
Posted inNews

2024 Could Be Among Most Active Hurricane Seasons Ever

by Grace van Deelen 23 May 202423 May 2024

A new NOAA report predicts an extraordinarily active Atlantic hurricane season spurred by record ocean temperatures and a shift to La Niña conditions.

Un Sol anaranjado se eleva sobre un banco de nubes.
Posted inNews

Temperaturas récord posiblemente continuarán ante la persistencia de El Niño

by Grace van Deelen 17 April 202417 April 2024

Es probable que las temperaturas globales superficiales del aire se mantengan elevadas durante el comienzo del verano debido a la persistencia del evento de El Niño.

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Research Spotlights

Mapping the Ocean Floor with Ancient Tides

6 May 20256 May 2025
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First Benchmarking System of Global Hydrological Models

7 May 20257 May 2025
Editors' Vox

Decoding Crop Evapotranspiration

6 May 20256 May 2025
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