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proxies

South Pole Station, seen from a nearby ice core drilling site. Isotope data from this core provide info on past climates.
Posted inScience Updates

Stable Isotopes in Paleoclimate Reanalysis

by E. J. Steig, D. M. Anderson and G. J. Hakim 21 September 201724 March 2023

Second Annual Workshop of the Last Millennium Reanalysis Project; Friday Harbor, Washington, 25–26 October 2016

Researchers unravel how a warming climate impacts El Niño behavior
Posted inResearch Spotlights

Improving Our Understanding of El Niño in a Warm Climate

by Jenny Lunn 17 August 201726 January 2023

A new study seeks to bring together the strongest features of proxy data and climate models to reduce uncertainties in reconstructions of past El Niño behavior.

An earthworm moves over damp soil.
Posted inResearch Spotlights

Follow Earthworm Tracks to Better Simulate Water Flow in Soils

Sarah Stanley, Science Writer by Sarah Stanley 1 August 20176 February 2023

Incorporating paths carved by the critters and by tree roots helps scientists align simulations of tropical soils more closely with real-world data.

Amanita thiersii mushrooms
Posted inResearch Spotlights

Mushrooms Could Provide a Record of Grassland History

Alexandra Branscombe by A. Branscombe 11 April 20174 October 2021

Scientists measured carbon isotopes in certain types of fungi to assess whether the organisms can track how climate change is affecting grasses.

Astronaut gathering samples.
Posted inNews

Biogenic Oxygen on the Moon Could Hold Secrets to Earth's Past

JoAnna Wendel, freelance science writer and illustratorMohi Kumar headshot by JoAnna Wendel and M. Kumar 30 January 201712 October 2022

Lunar orbiting data show that terrestrial oxygen rains down periodically on the Moon, enticing researchers with an opportunity to study Earth's ancient atmosphere.

Scientist with guano core.
Posted inNews

Bat Guano: A Possible New Source for Paleoclimate Reconstructions

JoAnna Wendel, freelance science writer and illustrator by JoAnna Wendel 14 December 20164 October 2021

Nitrogen isotopes within samples of bat excrement accurately reflect modern precipitation patterns. So could guano serve as a paleoclimate record?

white-moon-cave-santa-cruz-california
Posted inNews

Subterranean Caverns Hold Clues to Past Droughts

JoAnna Wendel, freelance science writer and illustrator by JoAnna Wendel 31 August 20167 March 2023

Cave formations offer highly resolved paleoclimate data that scientists plan to use to reconstruct California's ancient patterns of drought.

CSalar-Grande-Basin-Chile-rock-minerals-clues-to-carbon-cycle-life-on-Mars
Posted inResearch Spotlights

Rocks in Chile Help Scientists Hunt for Life on Mars

by M. McKinnon 9 August 201612 April 2022

Investigating oxalate minerals in the Atacama Desert provides a terrestrial analogue to test techniques that could be used to study the carbon cycle in the cold deserts of Mars.

18 July 2013 eruption of Sakurajima volcano in Japan.
Posted inResearch Spotlights

Japan's Volcanic History, Hidden Under the Sea

by W. Yan 24 June 20166 December 2021

Scientists investigate marine tephra layers for clues to Japan's volcanic past.

Posted inResearch Spotlights

Early Agriculture Has Kept Earth Warm for Millennia

Sarah Stanley, Science Writer by Sarah Stanley 19 January 201624 January 2024

Ice core data, archeological evidence, and other studies suggest humans had a significant influence on Earth's preindustrial climate.

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Coherent, Not Chaotic, Migration in the Brahmaputra-Jamuna River

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The Mid-20th Century Winter Cooling in the Eastern U.S. Explained

3 July 20253 July 2025
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Water Tracks: The Veins of Thawing Landscapes

25 June 202525 June 2025
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