Laboratory experiments and geochemical model suggest that chlorate is very effective to oxidize reducing iron to reddish iron oxides on Mars when liquid water was present on the surface.
Editors’ Highlights
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A Closure on Sea Level Rise Budget
Terrestrial water loss may explain the lack of previous budget closure in global mean sea level rise.
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Extreme Summer Heat over Europe Is Predictable Week-to-Week
Forecasts made one to a few weeks in advance, known as “subseasonal to seasonal” predictions, show more skill in predicting extreme summer heat waves over Europe than spells of normal or cold weather.
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Submarine Rivers of Sediment
Turbidity currents move suspended sediment into the ocean. In general, the more sediment, the stronger the turbidity current, but one process may generate turbidity currents from very dilute rivers.
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Examining the Structure of Tropical Cyclones’ Upper Levels
Unique observations used to examine the structure and mass balance of hurricanes’ top levels find that regions of high pressure violate the gradient wind balance.
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Thermal Convection Can Power the Geodynamo
New high-pressure experiments on fluid iron suggest thermal convection without compositional buoyancy is sufficient to drive the dynamo generating Earth’s magnetic field.
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Machine Learning Improves Satellite Rainfall Estimates
A new deep learning approach bridges ground rain gauge and radar data with spaceborne radar observations of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission to improve precipitation estimation.
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Future Remote Sensing Mission Holds Promise for Flood Monitoring
The 2021 Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission will measure water surface elevation, slopes, and inundations of rivers as narrow as 50 meters.
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Permafrost Thaws Rapidly as Arctic River Flooding Increases
As climate warms, Arctic rivers carry higher flows and flood earlier in the spring, causing underlying permafrost to thaw rapidly.
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CAT Pictures of Internal Solitary Waves in Indonesian Strait
Huge and rapid subsurface temperature changes associated with propagating internal solitary waves were observed from a moored coastal acoustic tomography (CAT) system in Lombok Strait in Indonesia.