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early Earth

A cliff face with pink and red layers
Posted inNews

Bacteria Battled for Iron in Earth’s Early Oceans

by Caroline Hasler 15 November 202416 January 2025

Billions of years ago, iron-oxidizing microbes may have competed for dissolved iron in the ocean, with some strains producing toxic gases that smothered their rivals.

A sphere with a mottled orange, red, yellow, and gray surface appears bright against a black background.
Posted inResearch Spotlights

How Did Magma Oceans Evolve on Early Earth and Mars?

Sarah Stanley, Science Writer by Sarah Stanley 10 October 202410 October 2024

New insights into the early timelines of rocky planets are emerging, thanks to clues from iron chemistry and primordial atmospheres.

A cross section of a core taken from Earth’s mantle, is seen under a microscope.
Posted inNews

Lost City’s Plumbing Exposed by the Longest Mantle Core Ever Drilled

by Nathaniel Scharping 12 September 202412 September 2024

The core, which is 71% complete, reveals millions of years of geologic history and the plumbing underlying hydrothermal vents.

Rocas saliendo del océano en una costa
Posted inNews

Circones de 4,000 millones de años podrían contener nuestras evidencias más antiguas de la existencia de agua dulce

by Nathaniel Scharping 4 September 20244 September 2024

Cristales australianos apuntan a la existencia de agua dulce, así como de continentes que se elevaban sobre el océano Hadeano de la Tierra.

Rocas grises bandeadas entre pasto verde y pequeñas flores blancas
Posted inNews

Sedimentos radiactivos podrían haber construido los cratones de la Tierra

Javier Barbuzano, Science Writer by Javier Barbuzano 2 August 20242 August 2024

La meteorización de los primeros continentes podría haber puesto en marcha la formación de cratones, las raíces inmutables de los continentes.

Rocks sticking out of the ocean on the shore
Posted inNews

Four-Billion-Year-Old Zircons May Contain Our Earliest Evidence of Fresh Water

by Nathaniel Scharping 16 July 20244 September 2024

Australian crystals hint at fresh water, as well as land rising above Earth’s Hadean ocean.

Gray rocks among green grasses and flowers
Posted inNews

Radioactive Sediments May Have Built Earth’s Cratons

Javier Barbuzano, Science Writer by Javier Barbuzano 14 June 20244 August 2024

Weathering of the earliest continents could have set in motion the formation of cratons, the immutable roots of continents.

An illustration of plant life beneath the ocean with an aurora in the sky
Posted inNews

A Magnetic Low May Have Paved the Way for Complex Life

by Saugat Bolakhe 5 June 20245 June 2024

Multicellular life blossomed when Earth’s magnetic field was at an all-time low.

An artist’s depiction of Earth split into two. On the left side is Earth early in its history, being struck by another planetary body in a fiery impact. On the right is Earth today, with a smooth surface, mantle plumes, and a moon.
Posted inResearch Spotlights

Earth’s Subduction May Have Been Triggered by the Same Event That Formed the Moon

Rachel Fritts, Science Writer by Rachel Fritts 20 May 202420 May 2024

The giant impact that formed the Moon may also have led to extrastrong mantle plumes that enabled the first subduction event, kick-starting Earth’s unique system of sliding plates.

The Moon with its center exposed and two thin blobs oriented toward the center
Posted inNews

The Moon’s Mantle Did a Flip—and Scientists May Now Have Evidence

Javier Barbuzano, Science Writer by Javier Barbuzano 8 May 20248 May 2024

For decades, a lunar whodunit has puzzled scientists: Did the Moon’s internal layers flip during its formation? Old data might hold the evidence to solve this cold case.

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Inside Volcanic Clouds: Where Tephra Goes and Why It Matters

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