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salts & sodium

Color view of Europa from Galileo that shows the largest portion of the moon’s surface at the highest resolution.
Posted inNews

Newly Discovered Salts May Exist on Icy Moons

by Derek Smith 23 March 202323 March 2023

For the first time in more than a century, scientists have identified new sodium chloride crystals. The discovery may reconcile puzzling spectroscopic images of Europa’s surface.

A bolt of lightning flashes across a night sky.
Posted inNews

Salt Spray May Stifle Lightning over the Sea

by Carolyn Wilke 1 November 20224 November 2022

New research suggests that sea-salt aerosols seed large raindrops that starve clouds of water needed to make lightning. But not all scientists are convinced it’s simply about salt spray.

Graphs and diagrams from the paper showing a merger event of eddies Bob and Tom in fall 2009.
Posted inEditors' Highlights

How do Bob and Tom Eddies Meet, Pair-Spin, and Twist?

by Takeyoshi Nagai 14 October 202212 October 2022

Autonomous float data reveal that mergers of two eddies, known to have spiraling subducting water surrounding each other, happens more frequently than previously thought.

Six photomicrographs
Posted inEditors' Highlights

Abiotic Life and Energy on Water-Rich Rocky Celestial Bodies

by Susanne Straub 22 September 202222 September 2022

The discovery of tiny crystals of the iron-rich hydroxychloride kuliginite in New Caledonia provides new insights into the hydrogen production from mantle rocks and saline water.

Graph from the paper.
Posted inEditors' Highlights

Arctic Salinity Pushes the AMOC Swing

by Kristopher B. Karnauskas 3 August 202222 December 2022

A model of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), pioneered by Henry Stommel over 60 years ago, can exhibit realistic cyclic behavior if the role of Arctic salinity is included.

A computer simulation of solar wind entry layer and flux transfer events (green lines) in Mercury’s dayside magnetosphere
Posted inResearch Spotlights

Solar Wind a Major Driver of Atmospheric Sodium at Mercury

by Morgan Rehnberg 27 May 202227 July 2022

MESSENGER observations show a 50% rise in atmospheric sodium-group ions during periods of high solar wind activity.

This aerial image shows two researchers exploring a sunken spring in the middle of a gray and white icy landscape. One researcher, dressed in blue, crouches inside a circular hole in the ice while a second researcher, dressed in black, stands to the left taking a photo.
Posted inNews

Lipids from Europa’s Ocean Could Be Detectable on the Surface

by Kimberly M. S. Cartier 10 March 202210 March 2022

A super salty spring in the Canadian Arctic provides insights key to detecting life on a distant ocean world.

A street in Philadelphia following a winter storm
Posted inResearch Spotlights

Road Salts Linked to High Sodium Levels in Tap Water

by Sarah Stanley 8 March 202210 May 2022

Use of deicing agents may sometimes raise sodium levels in drinking water beyond healthy limits for people on salt-restricted diets.

Chicago, Ill., along the shore of Lake Michigan
Posted inNews

Lake Michigan’s Salinity Is on the Rise

by Robin Donovan 7 February 202228 March 2022

Road salt is primarily to blame for the shift, though the water remains within safe levels for now.

Cloud droplets in turbulence (left) and cloud droplets in Earth’s atmosphere (right)
Posted inResearch Spotlights

Atmospheric Turbulence May Promote Cloud Droplet Formation

by Morgan Rehnberg 18 March 20217 March 2022

Turbulence causes local variations in relative humidity, which can push particles past a critical saturation threshold for droplet nucleation.

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