A map and graph from the paper.
(a) A paleogeographic reconstruction of the continental landmasses at approximately 90 million years ago, from Blakey [2011]. Locations noted in the map represent sites where long-term and/or continuous records have been established for the reconstruction of the Earth’s past field intensity (paleointensity) during the Cretaceous Normal Superchron. The red marking represents the site from where Liu and co-authors obtained their samples. (b) The relative paleointensity (RPI) record inferred for the entire Cretaceous Normal Superchron. The new data presented by Liu and co-authors is shown as a green curve in the red rectangular box and indicates significant variations in the paleointensity over a 6-million-year continuous record. The right-hand y-axis shows the virtual axial dipole moment (VADM) of the Earth’s magnetic field, reflecting the strength of the geodynamo, based on the study of different sample materials (whole rocks, single crystals, and glassy fragments). Credit: Liu et al. [2024], Figure 1 and 9c (modified)
Editors’ Highlights are summaries of recent papers by AGU’s journal editors.
Source: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth

The Cretaceous Normal Superchron spans a time period from 121 to 84 million years ago, during which the Earth’s magnetic field was stable and dominantly of a constant single normal polarity. This approximately 37 million-year superchron, also known as the Cretaceous quiet zone, appears as a unique geophysical feature and has been suggested to reflect a highly efficient state of the geodynamo and consistently strong geomagnetic field intensity.

Liu et al. [2024] provide a detailed record of measurements of relative paleointensity for a six-million-year continuous section of sedimentary rocks, from which a measure of the relative changes in the field strength during this time period was obtained. The results show considerable variations in field strength with the maximum and the minimum being a factor of 3. Integrated with the marine magnetic anomaly data, these results indicate that the magnetic field was strong during the middle of the superchron, whereas the onset and termination of the superchron are defined by a relatively stable but much weaker magnetic field.

These findings suggest that the geodynamo was more dynamic than previously thought and may provide clues concerning the origin, development and termination of geomagnetic superchrons. The study robustly documents a much more variable geomagnetic field during the Cretaceous Normal Superchron than acknowledged up to now, an important result that enables benchmarking geodynamo simulations for this time interval.

Citation: Liu, X., Li, Y.-X., & Richter, C. (2024). Salient changes of Earth’s magnetic field toward the end of Cretaceous Normal Superchron (CNS). Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 129, e2023JB028104. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JB028104

—Bjarne S. G. Almqvist, Associate Editor, JGR: Solid Earth

Text © 2024. The authors. CC BY-NC-ND 3.0
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