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basalts

View of steep hills with exposures of dark rock as well as patches of green vegetation
Posted inFeatures

Baked Contacts Focus a Lens on Ancient Lava Flows

by Anthony Pivarunas, Margaret Avery, Joseph Biasi and Leif Karlstrom 1 February 20231 February 2023

Two studies, conducted 40 years apart, show how combining field observations and thermal modeling can reconstruct the history of massive lava flows and how they altered the surrounding landscape.

World map
Posted inEditors' Highlights

Machine Learning Looks Anew at Isotope Ratios in Oceanic Basalts

by Paul Asimow 25 October 202224 October 2022

While past attempts to define isotopic endmembers and assign them a geodynamic significance ended in controversy, a machine-learning clustering algorithm offers a solution to this classical problem.

La visión de un artista que nos ofrece una visión de la formación de los planetas: Cerca de la estrella, las partículas de polvo se convierten en planetesimales y planetas similares a la Tierra. En la parte más lejana, el gas se acumula en los núcleos planetarios para la formación de gigantes similares a Júpiter.
Posted inNews

Isótopos de criptón proporcionan nuevos indicios sobre el pasado de los planetas

by Carolyn Wilke 21 October 202221 October 2022

Para determinar cómo los elementos cruciales para el desarrollo de la vida llegaron a la Tierra, los científicos estudian los gases nobles. Actualmente, métodos mejorados traen consigo nuevos indicios a partir del criptón, el gas noble más enigmático.

Satellite image of ancient lava flows on Mars
Posted inNews

This One Simple Trick Helps Us Understand How Much Water Is in Martian Lavas

by Erik Klemetti 24 August 202216 September 2022

Understanding how much water is in Martian magma is vital for understanding whether the Red Planet had seas in its early history.

A diagram and a graph showing how ocean island eruptions are much more likely to exhibit SO2 degassing and deformation.
Posted inEditors' Highlights

Why Do Arc Volcanoes Deform Less Than Ocean Island Volcanoes?

by Paul Asimow 15 August 202215 November 2022

Volcanic ground deformation is not simply correlated with erupted volume. Researchers propose that high concentrations of magmatic volatiles make systems more compressible and suppress deformation.

An artist’s impression of planet formation: Close to the star, dust particles grow into planetesimals and Earth-like planets. Farther away, gas accretes on planetary cores to create Jupiter-like giants.
Posted inNews

Krypton Isotopes Provide New Clues to Planets’ Pasts

by Carolyn Wilke 4 May 202221 October 2022

To trace how crucial ingredients for life arrived at Earth, scientists track noble gases. Now, improved methods are drawing new clues from krypton, the most cryptic of noble gases.

A river of molten lava flows across a steaming black basalt landscape. The river flows from a volcanic rift near the top right of the image toward the bottom left. The fissure is filled with brighter and hotter lava and steam and gas billows up from it. The sky on the horizon is a hazy blue-gray.
Posted inNews

The Surprising Greenhouse Gas That Caused Volcanic Summer

by Kimberly M. S. Cartier 21 March 202212 April 2022

Extended periods of volcanism known as flood basalt eruptions lead to volcanic winters, which are often followed by an extended period of warming. But it was more than just carbon dioxide that warmed the globe.

Dry Falls located at the head of Grand Coulee
Posted inResearch Spotlights

Western U.S. “Megafloods” Might Not Have Been So Mega

by Rebecca Dzombak 3 February 20223 February 2022

The flooding that carved eastern Washington State 20,000 to 12,000 years ago could have been 80% smaller than the canyons’ volume today.

Roman ruins in the ancient city of Volubilis, Morocco
Posted inNews

Roman-Era Millstone and Mixer Makers Knew Their Rocks

by Carolyn Wilke 18 November 202113 October 2022

The geochemistry of basalt millstones and mixers from the city of Volubilis suggests a local origin—and that rocks were picked for specific purposes, from crushing olives to mixing dough.

Two world maps with colored dots and stars denoting maximum mantle temperatures retrieved by the RevPET algorithm for the basaltic melts from the global submarine mid-ocean ridge system.
Posted inEditors' Highlights

A Novel Thermobarometer to Infer Mantle Melting Conditions

by Susanne Straub 16 September 202110 November 2021

The algorithm RevPET automatically reverses the complex multi-phase fractional crystallization path of oceanic basalts and offers new perspectives for advancing mantle thermobarometry.

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Features from AGU Journals

RESEARCH SPOTLIGHTS
JGR: Solid Earth
“New Tectonic Plate Model Could Improve Earthquake Risk Assessment”
By Morgan Rehnberg

EDITORS' HIGHLIGHTS
AGU Advances
“Eminently Complex – Climate Science and the 2021 Nobel Prize”
By Ana Barros

EDITORS' VOX
Perspectives of Earth and Space Scientists
“New Directions for Perspectives of Earth and Space Scientists”
By Michael Wysession


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