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Earth’s interior

Red hot magma flows from within Earth to the surface at Hawaii’s Kīlauea volcano.
Posted inNews

Earth’s Lower Mantle Is Drier Than Previously Thought

by Saima May Sidik 11 August 202211 August 2022

Scientists have long known that the two layers of Earth’s mantle have different chemical compositions. Now, modeling shows that different water concentrations may keep them from mixing.

A map and 3 graphs showing the waveform fits for an earthquake.
Posted inEditors' Highlights

Western US Adjoint Tomography Reproduces Waveform Complexity

by Michael Bostock 22 July 202222 December 2022

Adjoint tomography employing 3D wavefield simulations for 72 well recorded regional earthquakes in the western U.S. yields spectacular improvements to waveform fits.

Close-up of an outcrop of an eclogite from the Monviso area of Italy showing a vug, or hole, containing red garnet crystals and green pyroxene crystals.
Posted inNews

Holey Eclogite!

by Alka Tripathy-Lang 1 July 202215 November 2022

Scientists have found holes filled with minerals that indicate fluid-filled pores exist many tens of kilometers below Earth’s surface. But no, The Core fans, you still can’t get amethyst-laden geodes in the mantle.

Image of a thin section of peridotite, taken under a microscope, with the pinks, greens, purples, and blues of olivine crystals of various sizes mixed with other, less brightly colored minerals
Posted inNews

Million or Billion? Narrowing Down the Age of Mantle Processes in New Guinea

by Alka Tripathy-Lang 16 May 202216 May 2022

Mantle rocks in Papua New Guinea contain curious geochemical signatures that scientists have traditionally interpreted as evidence of billions-year-old melting. New evidence suggests otherwise.

Three-dimensional shear wave velocity maps.
Posted inEditors' Highlights

Probabilistic Tomography Delivers Answers to Basic Questions

by Michael Bostock 13 May 202227 January 2023

Fundamental questions on subsurface properties are robustly addressed through probabilistic assessment of multiple forward/inverse modelling formalisms using interrogation theory.

An artist’s impression of planet formation: Close to the star, dust particles grow into planetesimals and Earth-like planets. Farther away, gas accretes on planetary cores to create Jupiter-like giants.
Posted inNews

Krypton Isotopes Provide New Clues to Planets’ Pasts

by Carolyn Wilke 4 May 202217 March 2023

To trace how crucial ingredients for life arrived at Earth, scientists track noble gases. Now, improved methods are drawing new clues from krypton, the most cryptic of noble gases.

A red rock tower in front of a backdrop of cloudy sky
Posted inFeatures

Is Earth’s Core Rusting?

by Jiuhua Chen and Shanece S. Esdaille 25 April 20223 January 2023

If subduction carries hydrous minerals deep into Earth’s mantle, they may “rust” the iron outer core, forming vast sinks of oxygen that can later be returned to the atmosphere.

A large hot spring bubbles and steams in the mountains of the Tibetan Plateau.
Posted inNews

Hot Springs Suggest How the Tibetan Plateau Became the Roof of the World

by Saima May Sidik 20 April 202223 February 2023

Helium isotopes found in water samples provide a snapshot of what lies beneath the plateau and stimulate debate within the geosciences community.

Cubes of gray-black perovskite in a brown matrix
Posted inNews

How a Newly Discovered Mineral Might Explain Weird Mantle Behavior

by Alka Tripathy-Lang 19 April 202213 January 2023

Scientists not only synthesized davemaoite but deformed it at lower mantle conditions. They found its strength and viscosity to be substantially lower than those of other minerals that make up the lower mantle.

A back-scattered electron image of an experimental charge showing a miniaturized model of the core-mantle boundary equilibrated at pressure-temperature conditions thought to prevail during core formation.
Posted inEditors' Highlights

New Results Deepen the Mystery of Earth’s Early Magnetic Field

by Carolina Lithgow-Bertelloni 14 April 202214 March 2023

How was Earth’s early magnetic field produced? New experimental results and modeling show that the energy source could not have come from exsolution of lithophile elements from the core.

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Features from AGU Journals

RESEARCH SPOTLIGHTS
Earth’s Future
“How to Build a Climate-Resilient Water Supply”
By Rachel Fritts

EDITORS' HIGHLIGHTS
AGU Advances
“How Do Atmospheric Rivers Respond to Extratropical Variability?”
By Sarah Kang

EDITORS' VOX
Reviews of Geophysics
“Rare and Revealing: Radiocarbon in Service of Paleoceanography”
By Luke C. Skinner and Edouard Bard

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