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geology

On the right is the first stratigraphic section of the Grand Canyon, from Powell’s 1875 report, showing what would later be termed the Great Unconformity. A is the metamorphic basement—the oldest rocks that have been contorted. B is the Precambrian Grand Canyon Supergroup, which is composed of tilted sedimentary rocks that lack fossil assemblages. C indicates flat-lying Paleozoic rocks, which contain fossils marking the explosion of life. Two unconformities can be seen at x and y, with the former marking the Great Unconformity. The image on the left is a recent photograph of the Grand Canyon from Walhalla Plateau, with the red line showing the Great Unconformity. Blue lines trace the tilted layers below the famed surface, and yellow lines trace the flat-lying sedimentary rocks on top.
Posted inNews

The Great Unconformity or Great Unconformities?

by Alka Tripathy-Lang 23 December 202231 January 2023

Some scientists think the Great Unconformity was caused by Snowball Earth’s glaciations. Recent work suggests these phenomena might not be related.

Researchers study banded iron formations in Karijini National Park, Western Australia.
Posted inNews

A Day in the Life Used to Be 17 Hours

by Emily Shepherd 10 November 202211 November 2022

The Moon was a lot closer to Earth 2.46 billion years ago, and the shorter distance contributed to shorter days.

Diagram showing the reaction process between carbonatite melt and harzburgite mantle rock.
Posted inEditors' Highlights

Why is the North China Craton Vulnerable to Destruction?

by Sujoy Ghosh 20 October 202218 October 2022

A new study suggests that carbonatite metasomatism, not silicate metasomatism as previously thought, was dominant prior to the removal of the North China Craton in the early Cretaceous.

Australia’s remote Nullarbor Plain.
Posted inNews

A Mysterious Dome Reveals Clues to Australia’s Miocene History

by Nathaniel Scharping 17 October 202217 February 2023

The Nullarbor Plain has been relatively untouched by geological forces, leaving traces of the continent’s deep past.

A circular hole drilled into Gale Crater on Mars.
Posted inNews

Unraveling the Mystery of a Rare Mineral on Mars

by Clarissa Wright 7 September 20223 January 2023

The discovery of tridymite in Mars’s Gale Crater triggered debate about the rare mineral’s origins. A research team recently suggested a scenario with explosive implications.

Satellite view of Brahmaputra River
Posted inNews

Satellite Images Reveal a New View of Ancient Earth’s Rivers

by Joel Goldberg 27 July 202227 July 2022

A new method shows a key relationship between the width and makeup of Earth’s river channels over time. The technique could be applied to other terrestrial bodies, such as Mars.

Vashan Wright smiles at the camera, giving a double thumbs up.
Posted inFeatures

Vashan Wright: A Champion for DEI in the Geosciences

by Santiago Flórez 25 July 202216 August 2022

While studying tectonic plates and sand, Wright works on a program to make the geosciences more equitable.

Three-tiered calcite formation.
Posted inNews

Sorting Minerals Differently Could Usher a New Era for Mineralogy

by Carolyn Wilke 20 July 202214 November 2024

Grouping minerals by how they were formed yields insights into our planet’s evolution across billions of years.

Photo of NASA astronaut Jessica Watkins.
Posted inEditors' Vox

JGR: Planets Author Aboard the International Space Station

by Jessica Watkins, A. Deanne Rogers and John Grotzinger 7 July 20223 January 2023

NASA Astronaut and planetary geologist Dr. Jessica Watkins recently published her post-doctoral Mars research in JGR: Planets, just prior to heading to the International Space Station.

Close-up of an outcrop of an eclogite from the Monviso area of Italy showing a vug, or hole, containing red garnet crystals and green pyroxene crystals.
Posted inNews

Holey Eclogite!

by Alka Tripathy-Lang 1 July 202215 November 2022

Scientists have found holes filled with minerals that indicate fluid-filled pores exist many tens of kilometers below Earth’s surface. But no, The Core fans, you still can’t get amethyst-laden geodes in the mantle.

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Over a dark blue-green square appear the words Special Report: The State of the Science 1 Year On.

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