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Space Weather

A blue and yellow electrical passenger train travels past green trees toward the viewer along one of two sets of parallel tracks.
Posted inResearch Spotlights

How Space Storms Miscue Train Signals

Sarah Stanley, Science Writer by Sarah Stanley 30 March 2023

Geomagnetic storms could significantly disrupt electrified train operations in the United Kingdom once every few decades, according to a new study.

Plot showing measurements of solar energetic protons at 07:30 UT on 11 September 2017.
Posted inEditors' Highlights

Next-Generation Solar Proton Monitors for Space Weather

by Steven K. Morley 16 December 202116 December 2021

NOAA’s weather satellites at geosynchronous orbit also measure space weather and a new series of instruments bring improved capabilities for monitoring and science discovery.

A graphical assessment of solar energetic particle forecasts
Posted inEditors' Highlights

How to Assess the Quality of Space Weather Forecasts?

by Michael A. Hapgood 27 May 202122 February 2023

The assessment of space weather event forecasts would benefit from more nuanced approaches that take account of event intensities peaking near the thresholds used to identify such events.

Plot showing modelled radiation exposures for aircrew and passengers on seventy Paris to New York flight paths if a severe radiation storm had started four hours after take-off of each flight.
Posted inEditors' Highlights

Severe Radiation Storms Pose Health Risk to Air Travel

by Michael A. Hapgood 21 May 20212 February 2022

Simulations of radiation storm fluxes on real flight paths highlight how severe space weather could expose aircrew and passengers on busy transatlantic routes to significant radiation doses.

Plot showing an example of errors in estimates of thermospheric density derived using a range of different models.
Posted inEditors' Highlights

Better Thermospheric Monitoring is Vital to Space Safety

by Michael A. Hapgood 18 May 202127 July 2022

Better real-time estimates of thermospheric density are vital to the safe management of satellite traffic in Low Earth orbit, ensuring those satellites continue to deliver critical services.

A coronal mass ejection is seen in this image captured by the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory spacecraft in 2012.
Posted inResearch Spotlights

The “Complicated” Complexity of Solar Storms

Elizabeth Thompson by Elizabeth Thompson 29 October 202031 May 2022

Researchers turned to crowdsourced science to identify patterns in coronal mass ejections.

Right: Image of a solar flare observed on 19 October 2014. Left: Diagram showing configuration of the planets at the time of the flare
Posted inEditors' Highlights

The Importance of Solar Lyman-alpha Emissions for Space Weather

by Michael A. Hapgood 29 September 202013 October 2022

Lyman-alpha emissions convey a major part of the solar-flare photon energy reaching Earth and play a significant role in flare-driven enhancements of ionospheric conductivity.

Artist’s illustration of the SES-14 communications satellite above Earth
Posted inResearch Spotlights

A GOLDen Way to Study Space Weather

by Mark Zastrow 4 August 202029 September 2021

A NASA mission is observing airglow in the upper atmosphere and uncovering what it tells us about Earth’s space weather system.

Two charts showing simulated geoelectric fields along a profile running south-east to north-west through New York City
Posted inEditors' Highlights

Is Space Weather Worse by the Sea?

by Michael A. Hapgood 29 June 202028 March 2023

A new simulation of space-weather driven geoelectric fields at the land/sea conductivity boundary shows how these fields are magnified by both coastal effects and inhomogeneous land conductivity.

Schematic of an ensemble forecast where the lines represent trajectories of individual forecasts that diverge from each other owing to uncertainties in the initial conditions
Posted inEditors' Highlights

Advancing Ensemble Methods in Space Weather Forecasting

by Michael A. Hapgood 23 June 202010 February 2023

A short, must-read, report for anyone developing new space weather forecasts.

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