The wave-like features in the pre-midnight ionosphere are not moving, vary strongly from day-to-day, and are often associated with the equatorial plasma bubbles, but their origin is still unknown.
Editors’ Highlights
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Gauging Ungauged River Basins with Smart Remote Sensing
A clever combination of hydrologic modelling and discharge estimates from the Landsat satellite provides good discharge estimates throughout the Missouri river basin.
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Watering Down the Mantle
The cooling of planet Earth over time increased the water carrying capacity of the mantle and could have shrunk the oceans.
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New Global Surface Temperature Dataset Spans 170 Years
HadCRUT5, the new version of the Met Office Hadley Centre/Climatic Research Unit global surface temperature dataset from 1850 to 2018, has extended and improved the previous temperature record.
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When Will the Next Failure Be?
Unprecedented images of fracture networks in laboratory scale experiments mixed with machine learning algorithms help predict the timing of the next failure.
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Thawing Permafrost May Cause Streams to Cool
Permafrost thawing associated with climate warming increases contributions to streamflow by deeper, cooler groundwater flow paths, which may result in lower summer stream temperatures.
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Hunting the Source of Deccan Traps Volcanism Using Seismic Waves
Seismic velocity patterns beneath the Deccan Traps region in western India reveal its volcanic history.
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Rainfall Change with Warming More Consistent than Anticipated
Dew point temperature better explains precipitation change with warming than temperature itself, and the relation is more spatially coherent than previously thought.
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Global Warming Intensifies Turbulence Over Northern Eurasia
A significant increasing trend of turbulence in upper atmosphere over northern Eurasia is attributed to intense anthropogenic activities.
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Robot Measures Air-Sea Carbon Dioxide Exchange in Southern Ocean
Unique air and ocean surface observations of the Southern Ocean from a 22,000 km, 196-day circumnavigation around Antarctica by an Uncrewed Surface Vehicle.