Protons accelerated in solar storms and electrons accelerated in geospace storms can reduce space mission lifetimes. What is the likelihood of extreme events during geospace storms?
Editors’ Highlights
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New Characterization of the Mesospheric Polar Vortices
Polar vortices play a central role in coupling the atmosphere from the ground to the middle atmosphere. New satellite diagnostics describe mesospheric polar vortices and coupling to lower altitudes.
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Upper Hillslopes May Not Contribute Directly to Stormflow
New research challenges long-held ideas about the path of subsurface water from hillslopes to streams.
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Extreme Space Conditions at Mars: The 10 Largest Electron Events
A solar cycle of data was scoured for the biggest electron energy fluxes seen in the Mars space environment.
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Dispersal of River Water by Ocean Eddies and Shallow Ekman Flow
Low-salinity water from the Ganga-Brahmaputra river is transported by mesoscale eddies in the Bay of Bengal, but when the monsoon winds strengthen, a shallow “Ekman” flow dominates dispersal of water.
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What Lies and Waits Beneath Lake Ice?
Rarely made detailed measurements of carbon dioxide and methane under lake ice reveal a story more complex than simple models of gas buildup, with surprising findings for climate change impacts.
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Massive Scale Evaporative Water Losses from Irrigation
Evaporation can demonstrate the effects of crop irrigation on decadal trends in evapotranspiration at a regional spatial extent.
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A New Spin on Grain Segregation in Fault Zones
Fine-grained layers in sheared fault gouge may be formed by shear-driven size-segregation in granular materials, rather than by shear localization.
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Successful Testing of Technique to Measure Seafloor Strain
A new optical fiber interferometry strain sensor tested off the Oregon coast holds promising prospects for seafloor geodesy.
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Insensitivity of Total Sediment Flux to Hydraulic Details
The total sediment mass transported by flow under different sets of regimes is insensitive to the exact details of hydraulic forcing, but what matters is cumulative transport capacity.