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lava & magma

Two phase diagrams calculated by (a) Perple_X and (b) the new MAGEMin software.
Posted inEditors' Highlights

A New, Fast Computational Tool for Magmatic Phase Equilibria

by Paul Asimow 11 August 202222 December 2022

Thermodynamic calculations in multiphase, multicomponent magmatic systems can be slow and buggy. A new parallel architecture solves the free energy minimization problem much faster than alternatives.

Red hot magma flows from within Earth to the surface at Hawaii’s Kīlauea volcano.
Posted inNews

Earth’s Lower Mantle Is Drier Than Previously Thought

by Saima May Sidik 11 August 20224 August 2023

Scientists have long known that the two layers of Earth’s mantle have different chemical compositions. Now, modeling shows that different water concentrations may keep them from mixing.

Lava in the Halemaʻumaʻu crater in the Kīlauea volcano.
Posted inNews

Volcanic Lava Lake Belts Out Its Secrets in Seismic “Songs”

by Andrew J. Wight 15 July 20229 March 2023

A cacophony of magma displacements and volcanic gases recorded underneath Kīlauea’s roiling lake of lava could one day provide information to help predict future eruptions.

Photograph of a volcano erupting.
Posted inEditors' Vox

Dynamics of Volcanic Processes

by Olivier Roche, Yosuke Aoki, Nikolai Bagdassarov, Michael Heap, Sigrun Hreinsdottir, Qinghua Huang, Daniel Pastor-Galán, Michael Poland, Maria Sachpazi, Fang-Zhen Teng, Gregory Waite, Marie Edmonds, Paul Asimow, Minghua Zhang and Graziella Caprarelli 6 July 202220 September 2022

A new cross-journal special collection invites contributions on modern approaches used to investigate dynamics of volcanic processes.

A snow-covered mountain summit contains a smoking crater.
Posted inNews

Unlocking the Magmatic Secrets of Antarctica’s Mount Erebus

Jenessa Duncombe, Staff Writer by Jenessa Duncombe 22 June 202222 June 2022

Unprecedented images of Mount Erebus’s inner workings show the unique trappings of a CO2-rich rift volcano.

Niveau du lac du Nyiragongo au cours du temps.
Posted inEditors' Highlights

Mesurer les oscillations d’un lac de lave depuis l’espace

by Michael Poland 19 May 202221 February 2023

Les images satellite permettent de mesurer les oscillations du lac de lave du Nyiragongo (RD Congo). Ces mesures renseignent sur la dynamique du volcan et aident à anticiper ses éruptions futures.

Lava lake activity over time at the Nyiragongo volcano.
Posted inEditors' Highlights

Tracking Lava Lake Levels at an African Volcano from Space

by Michael Poland 19 May 20222 August 2022

Satellite data from Nyiragongo Volcano, Democratic Republic of Congo, track changes in summit-crater lava levels that provide a window into eruption dynamics and aid in forecasting future activity.

Photograph of the southern flank of the Merapi volcano during a partial collapse
Posted inNews

Drones Discover Hidden Weaknesses of Collapsing Volcanoes

by Clarissa Wright 7 April 20221 June 2022

Understanding buried, hidden zones of structural weaknesses within Indonesia’s Merapi volcano can help to substantially advance our ability to predict catastrophic dome failures.

A volcanic eruption spews molten rock into the sky.
Posted inNews

Magma Lingers at Different Depths on the Basis of Its Water Content

Katherine Kornei, Science Writer by Katherine Kornei 4 April 202225 April 2022

The discovery, gleaned from observations of volcanoes on four continents, could help constrain models of volcanic eruptions.

A river of molten lava flows across a steaming black basalt landscape. The river flows from a volcanic rift near the top right of the image toward the bottom left. The fissure is filled with brighter and hotter lava and steam and gas billows up from it. The sky on the horizon is a hazy blue-gray.
Posted inNews

The Surprising Greenhouse Gas That Caused Volcanic Summer

Kimberly M. S. Cartier, News Writing and Production Intern for Eos.org by Kimberly M. S. Cartier 21 March 202212 April 2022

Extended periods of volcanism known as flood basalt eruptions lead to volcanic winters, which are often followed by an extended period of warming. But it was more than just carbon dioxide that warmed the globe.

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