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lava & magma

Graph showing the possible melting curve of hydrogen-bearing iron peroxide
Posted inEditors' Highlights

The Lower Mantle May Have a Wet Bottom

by S. W. Parman 6 August 201912 October 2021

Molecular dynamics calculations suggest that molten hydrogen-bearing iron peroxide (FeO2Hx) may produce the ultra-low velocity zones that occur at the core-mantle boundary.

Posted inNews

Alexander R. “Mac” McBirney (1924–2019)

by D. Johnston, D. Geist, T. Morse and R. S. J. Sparks 24 July 201910 October 2021

This former West Point graduate and coffee grower transformed igneous petrology and volcanology.

An outcrop of pillow lava in the Northern Apennines, Italy.
Posted inEditors' Vox

Age and Speed Matter in the Formation of New Oceanic Crust

by G. Christeson 27 June 20193 October 2022

A synthesis of data from studies in different ocean basins reveals that the characteristics of oceanic crust are shaped by age and spreading rate.

View from the north of the Krafla power plant in Iceland’s Krafla caldera.
Posted inScience Updates

Planning an International Magma Observatory

by J. Eichelberger 25 June 20199 March 2023

A planned project will drill into a magma reservoir in Iceland that has never erupted to the surface, giving scientists a fresh look at Earth’s underground “plumbing.”

X-ray tomography images of experimental magmas captured at different crystal contents
Posted inEditors' Highlights

Crystals Connect Bubbles in Explosive Magmas

by S. D. Jacobsen 28 May 20195 October 2022

Hydrous silica-rich magmas can degas through connected bubble pathways when as little as 20% crystals are present, influencing transitions from explosive, Vulcanian-style eruptions to lava effusion.

Artist’s conception of the asteroid Psyche
Posted inEditors' Highlights

On the Prospect of Ancient Metallic Volcanism on Asteroids

by A. Dombard 24 May 201915 February 2022

There is a possibility of ancient volcanism on metallic asteroids, a new type of volcanism that is not yet observed, though the Psyche mission to the asteroid Psyche may change that soon.

The Tvashtar volcano erupts on Io
Posted inResearch Spotlights

No Underground Magma Ocean on Jupiter’s Fiery Moon?

by E. Underwood 22 May 201911 May 2022

A new study suggests alternative explanations for Io’s unusual magnetic field.

A woman conducts experiments with a laptop in a lava field while volcanoes erupt in the distance.
Posted inNews

More Than 30,000 Earthquakes Trace the Movement of Magma

Katherine Kornei, Science Writer by Katherine Kornei 14 May 201927 October 2021

Seismometers near Iceland’s Bárðarbunga volcanic system pinpointed thousands of earthquakes in 2014–2015, revealing where molten rock was moving underground before any eruptions occurred.

Residents flee the danger zone surrounding Bali’s Mount Agung after a series of eruptions in late November 2017.
Posted inScience Updates

Forensic Probe of Bali’s Great Volcano

by F. M. Deegan, V. R. Troll and H. Geiger 12 February 201912 September 2022

Evidence from volcanic crystals sheds light on magma storage under Mount Agung and helps explain this giant volcano’s frequent eruptions.

A lava flow rolls down Kīlauea in Hawaii
Posted inResearch Spotlights

A New Tool for Studying Volcanic Eruptions Like Kīlauea

by E. Underwood 9 January 20192 May 2022

A new study sheds light on how magma erodes the conduit it flows through.

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