The 4.5-billion-year record contained in Earth’s continental crust reveals a seven-phase evolution, from an initial magma ocean to the present-day environment in which we live.
Reviews of Geophysics
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The International Reference Ionosphere – A Model Ionosphere
An accurate and reliable description of Earth’s ionosphere is of critical importance because of our increased reliance on satellite technology and the significant impact the ionosphere has on it.
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Rare and Revealing: Radiocarbon in Service of Paleoceanography
While radiocarbon is best known as a dating tool, this rare isotope can also provide unique and wide-ranging insights into the cycling of carbon in the Earth system.
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Fantastic Ice-Nucleating Particles and How to Find Them
Recent advances in measurements and models are paving the way to transform fundamental understanding and simulation of ice-nucleating particles and their climate impacts.
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Widespread “Forever Chemicals” in Subsurface Environments
Massive use of materials containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in commercial and industrial sectors has led to their widespread occurrence in subsurface environments.
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Bank Retreat Controls River and Estuary Morphodynamics
Understanding and predicting the geomorphological response of fluvial and tidal channels to bank retreat underpins the robust management of water courses and the protection of wetlands.
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Global Seismic Networks: Recording the Heartbeat of the Earth
Global broadband seismographic networks have provided the science community with 30 years of data which is being used to understand the Earth.
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Old Igneous Rocks Hold the Key to Crustal Thickness Evolution
The chemical composition of orogenic igneous rocks and their zircons is sensitive to crustal thickness and can be used to quantify the evolution of Moho depths beneath continents back in time.
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Modeling the Ice Flow and Evolution of Glaciers
Glaciers are crucial water resources and important sea level contributors. To accurately model glacier evolution, their mass balance and ice flow processes must be accounted for.
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Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East Face Rapid Climate Change
Observational and modeling studies identify the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East as a prominent climate change hotspot associated with weather extremes that have major impacts on society.